These are non-renewable resources, which tend to provide windfall revenues to governments for as long as they are economically viable to extract. Serious questions arise about how governments absorb the windfall in the short term, and what they do in the longer term to diversify their economies to ensure sustainable benefit from the resources beyond their depletion. It concludes by suggesting an agenda for future research, particularly focused on policies that are likely to help nudge countries towards more inclusive and sustainable growth paths.
