With the discovery of additional oil it is anticipated that the oil sector will significantly boost the economy, which in turn will have a positive developmental impact. However, questions have been raised about the capacity of the state to properly manage and account for revenue receipts from the oil sector in the absence of civil society oversight. This paper argues that civil society has a critical role to play in partnering with the Ghanaian state in managing Ghana’s oil resources if the country is to avoid the negative experiences of other oil-rich African countries.