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Mandela and military force: the moment dictated the means

Saturday, 22 September 2018 marked the 20th anniversary of South Africa’s intervention in Lesotho – the first time a democratic South Africa deployed combat troops beyond its borders. To better understand this intervention Christopher Williams reflects back on President Nelson Mandela’s nuanced views on the use of military force.

Debt trap? Chinese loans and Africa’s development options

Africa’s growing public debt has sparked a renewed global debate about debt sustainability on the continent. This is largely owing to the emergence of China as a major financier of African infrastructure, resulting in a narrative that China is using debt to gain geopolitical leverage by trapping poor countries in unsustainable loans.

Foreign Direct Investment: Lessons from SADC

With the financial support of the Konrad Adenauer Foundation (KAS), the South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) conducted research on the interplay between foreign direct investment (FDI), trade liberalization and regional integration (RI) in SADC.

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